Scientific name

Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard, 1929: 179. (=Hyperaspis maindroni ab. brumoides Sicard, Hyperaspis maindroni ab. includens Sicard)

Taxonomic position

Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymninae: Hyperaspidini

Diagnosis

Length 2.16-2.70 mm, width 1.62-2.10 mm. Form oval, dorsoventrally somewhat flattened. Head yellow, eyes with brilliant metallic green reflection in live specimens. Pronotum yellow-orange, posterior margin with a dark brown to fuscous median area. Elytra pale creamy to luteous yellow, with three longitudinal black stripes, one on each elytron in a mid-dorsal position not reaching apex and one along sutural line reaching apex, elytral apex very narrowly bordered black; sometimes all stripes joined together with a short stem near apex, forming a trident shaped marking. Posterior margin of elytra subtruncate, leaving abdominal tip slightly exposed. Postcoxal line on abdominal ventrite 1 nearly complete, reaching towards anterior margin of ventrite (Fig. 5). Male genitalia (Fig. 6-7) and female spermatheca (Fig. 8) as illustrated. Larva elliptical in outline, greyish, with powdery wax coating on dorsal surface. Pupa with the last larval skin vertically split along the middle, exposing the pupa.


Figs. 1-8. Hyperaspis maindroni: 1. Head, dorsal view; 2. Antenna; 3. Maxilla; 4. Prosternum, showing intercoxal process; 5. Postcoxal line on abdominal ventrite 1; 6,7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho; 8. Female spermatheca

Brumoides suturalis is similar to this species in general appearance and coloration, but can be separated by its larger size, more convex body with apically rounded elytra, and other generic characters.

Images

 H. maindroni, nominate form and the form with trident-shaped elytral marking
         Adult
   Larva feeding on Coccidohystrix insolita (Green) on brinjal
   Larva feeding on mealybug
     Pupa of H. maindroni

Distribution

India: Andhra Pradesh; Assam; Bihar; Karnataka; Madhya Pradesh; Tamil Nadu; Uttar Pradesh; West Bengal. (more common in southern states). Pakistan. Introduced and established in New Guinea (Rao et al., 1971).

Prey / Associated habitat

HEMIPTERA: Aphididae: Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis spiraecola Patch (as A. citricola van der Goot), indeterminate aphids on Eupatorium sp. Coccoidea: Antonina graminis (Maskell), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Coccidohystrix (as Centrococcus) insolita (Green), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead), Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell), Pseudococcus corymbatus Ayyar, Pseudococcus sp., Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green), Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell), Trabutina (as Naiacoccus) sp. Associated with mealybugs and aphids infesting guava, sugarcane, mesta, cotton, pigeonpea, Boehmeria sp., coconut, and Rhodes grass.

Common on infestations of Coccidohystrix insolita on brinjal, Solanum torvum, other solanaceous plants, and pigeonpea.

Seasonal occurrence

Active during summer months (March-May) on various hosts, particularly Boehmeria sp., in and around Bangalore (Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna, 1957). Collected during January-February, June-August (from Bangalore), June and October (from Assam), and March (Bihar).

References

  • Chatterjee, N.C. 1954. Biological control of the brinjal mealybug and aphis by Hyperaspis maindroni Sic. Current Science, 23(4): 133.
  • Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G.P. 1955. Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore-II. Indian Journal of Entomology, 17: 1-5.
  • Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G.P. 1956. Some beneficial coccinellids of Mysore. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 54: 156-159.
  • Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G.P. 1957. Notes on some predators of mealybugs (Coccidae, Hemiptera). The Mysore Agricultural Journal, 32: 4-19.
  • Rao, V.P., Ghani, M.A., Sankaran, T. & Mathur, K.C. 1971. A Review of the Biological Control of Insects and Other Pests in South-east Asia and the Pacific Region. Technical Communication, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Slough. 149 pp.
  • Rawat, R.R. & Modi, B.N. 1969. Record of some predacious beetles on Coccid, aphid and mite pests from Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 39: 1057-1060.