Nomenclature

Anaphes Haliday, 1833: 346. Type species: Ichneumon punctum Shaw, by subsequent designation (Westwood 1839: 78).
Panthus Walker, 1846: 50. Type species: Panthus crassicornis Walker, by subsequent designation (Gahan and Fagan 1923: 10). Synonymy by Graham (1982: 202).
Patasson Walker, 1846: viii. Type species: Panthus crassicornis Walker, by monotypy. Synonymy by Debauche (1949: 64).
Flabrinus Rondani, 1877: 180. Type species: Flabrinus fabarius Rondani, by monotypy. Synonymy by Boucek (1974: 248).
Anaphoidea Girault, 1909[61]: 167. Type species: Anaphoidea sordidata Girault, by original designation. Synonymy by Debauche (1949: 64).
Clinomymar Kieffer, 1913: 100. Type species: Clinomymar peyerimhoffi Kieffer, by original designation. Synonymy by Debauche (1949: 63) but suggested as a synonym by Ogloblin (1935).
Yungaburra Girault, 1933 [440]: 5. Type species: Anaphoidea nitens Girault, by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).
Synanaphes Soyka, 1946: 181. Type species: Synanaphes ranalteri Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).
Ferrierella Soyka, 1946: 182. Type species: Ferrierella neopratensis Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).
Hofenederia Soyka, 1946: 183. Type species: Hofenederia pectoralis Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).
Fulmekiella Soyka, 1946: 184. Type species: Fulmekiella hundsheimensisi Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy formalized by Huber (1992: 32).
Antoniella Soyka, 1950: 121. Type species: Fulmekiella stubaiensis Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke and Doutt (1961: 21).
Stammeriella Soyka, 1950: 120. Type species: Stammeriella wolfsthali Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke and Doutt (1961: 19).
Mariella Soyka, 1950: 123. Type species: Mariella superaddita Soyka, by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke and Doutt (1961: 21).
Austranaphes Ogloblin, 1962: 49. Type species: Austranaphes amplipennis Ogloblin, by original designation. Synonymy by Huber (1992: 32).

Diagnosis

Anaphes belongs to the Anaphes group of genera and it can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters:

Female body (Fig. 1) black or dark brown
Head in lateral view relatively thick, genae relatively wide, so posterior margin of eye separated along entire length from back of head
Mandibles normal (Fig. 6), crossing medially and with 3 equal sized teeth
Antenna (Fig. 7) with funicle 6-segmented, first segment often conspicuously shorter, clava entire or 2 segmented
Tarsi 4-segmented
Fore wing (Fig. 8) with a single, socketed seta on posterior margin near apex of retinaculum and basal to the marginal setae
Propodeum divided medially by a sulcus; hypopygium short, inconspicuous.

Geographic Distribution

Cosmopolitan. See Indian distribution map.

View Distribution map of Anaphes in a larger map

Hosts and habitat

Curculionidae (Huber & Prinsloo, 1990), Chrysomelidae, Argidae, Brenthidae, Byrrhidae, Ephydridae, Gerridae, Miridae, Tephritidae, and Tipulidae (Lin et al., 2007). Apionidae, Ephydridae, Aphididae, Asterolecaniidae, Cicadellidae, Coccidae, Delphacidae, Miridae, Tingidae, Arctiidae, Gelechiidae, Caeciliidae (Noyes, 2013).

Species in India

1. pallipes (Ashmead, 1887) (original description); Huber (1992) (checklist); Huber (2004) (key to crassicornis-group of Nearctic and distribution); Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar, (2013) (first report from India) (Distribution: Tamil Nadu)

2. pullicrurus (Girault, 1910) (original description); Huber (1992) (checklist); Huber (2004) (key to crassicornis-group of Nearctic and distribution); Manickavasagam & Rameshkumar, (2013) (first report from India) (Distribution: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu)

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References

Ashmead WH. 1887. Studies of the North American Proctotrupidae, with descriptions of new species from Florida. The Canadian Entomologist, 19: 192-198.

Girault AA. 1910. Synonymic and descriptive notes on the chalcidoid family Mymaridae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 18: 233-259.

Haliday AH. 1833. An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine, 1: 333-350, 490-491.

Huber, J. T. and Prinsloo, G. 1990. Redescription of Anaphes nitens (Girault) and description of two new species of Anaphes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasites of Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Tasmania. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29: 333-341.

Huber, J. T. 1992. The Subgenera, species groups, and synonyms of Anaphes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the described Nearctic species of the fuscipennis group of Anaphes s.s. and the described species of Anaphes (Yungaburra). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 123: 23-110.

Huber, J. T. 2006 [2004]. Review of the described Nearctic species of the crassicornis group of Anaphes. s. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 135: 3-86.

Manickavasagam S, Menakadevi C. 2012. A new species of Eutrichosomella Girault (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) from India with additional distribution records of chalcids. Madras Agricultural Journal, 99(10-12):877-881.

Ramesh Kumar et al., 2013